The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the neck, just in front of the trachea. Despite its size, it plays a vital role in the body, regulating metabolism, heart rate, body temperature, brain development, and more by producing essential hormones.
When the thyroid doesn’t function properly, it can disrupt many systems in the body. Common thyroid conditions include hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), goiter (enlarged thyroid), and thyroid cancer. While many of these disorders are rooted in genetics or autoimmune conditions, diet—especially iodine intake—can also influence thyroid health.
Certain foods may negatively affect thyroid function. For instance, soy and soy-based products contain isoflavones that can interfere with iodine absorption and reduce the effectiveness of thyroid medications. Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and kale also contain substances called goitrogens, which may hinder the thyroid’s ability to absorb iodine.
People with autoimmune thyroid disorders, such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, are often advised to avoid gluten, as it can trigger inflammation and immune reactions. Refined sugar may also worsen symptoms like brain fog and weight gain, particularly in those with hypothyroidism, and should be limited in the diet.
Processed foods and those high in sodium pose additional risks. Excess sodium can raise blood pressure—already a concern for individuals with hypothyroidism. Coffee is another consideration; drinking it too soon after taking thyroid medication can reduce the drug’s absorption by up to 60%.
On the brighter side, many foods support thyroid health. Fatty fish, eggs, nuts, seeds, seaweed, and antioxidant-rich fruits can all contribute to better thyroid function and overall wellness.
